⚠️

Risk scores are statistical indicators based on prescribing patterns compared to specialty peers. They are NOT allegations of fraud, misconduct, or improper care. Many legitimate medical reasons can explain outlier prescribing.

Read our methodology →

Madeline CastroM.D.

Internal Medicine · Miami, FL 33128

NPI: 1003058330

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30

🟠 Elevated

🤖 ML Fraud Detection Score: 95%

Machine learning model identifies prescribing patterns consistent with confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical indicator, not an accusation.

Learn more →

Risk Flags

High long-acting opioid rate vs peersHigh antipsychotic prescribing (65+)Opioid + benzodiazepine co-prescriberHigh fills per patient

Risk indicators are statistical patterns, not allegations. Learn more

2,216

Total Claims

$149K

Drug Cost

97

Beneficiaries

$1,536

Cost/Patient

Risk Score Breakdown 30/100

Low (0)Moderate (15)Elevated (30)High (50+)
Elderly antipsychotic prescribing+10
Long-acting opioid rate+8
Opioid + benzodiazepine combo+8
High fills per patient+3

Score components are additive. Read full methodology

Peer Comparison vs. 110,156 Internal Medicine providers

-50%

Opioid rate vs peers

1.1% vs 2.2% avg

+9%

Cost per patient vs peers

$1,536 vs $1,411 avg

⚠️ Opioid + Benzodiazepine Co-Prescriber

This provider prescribes both opioids and benzodiazepines. The FDA has issued a Black Box Warning about the life-threatening risks of concurrent use.

🔎 Data Overview

🤖

Our machine learning model — trained on 281 confirmed fraud cases — gives this provider a "Very High" fraud-pattern score. All 20 decision trees in our ensemble model agree that this provider's prescribing patterns resemble those of confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical finding, not an accusation.

⚠️

This provider co-prescribes opioids and benzodiazepines — a combination carrying an FDA Black Box Warning due to increased risk of respiratory depression and death. While sometimes clinically necessary, this combination requires careful justification.

Insights generated from CMS data analysis. Statistical patterns are not accusations — always consider clinical context.

Opioid Prescribing

1.1%

Opioid Rate

25

Opioid Claims

$240

Opioid Cost

60.0%

Long-Acting Rate

Brand vs Generic

100% generic

Brand: 0 claims · $0

Generic: 2,029 claims · $46K

Top Prescribed Drugs

Drug (Generic)ClaimsCost
Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog36$16K
Apixaban42$15K
Sacubitril/Valsartan20$11K
Quetiapine Fumarate120$4,662
Atorvastatin Calcium186$3,773
Rosuvastatin Calcium73$3,065
Pregabalin39$2,981
Aripiprazole22$2,695
Trazodone Hcl152$1,974
Levothyroxine Sodium13$1,812
Pantoprazole Sodium19$1,449
Tamsulosin Hcl62$1,413
Losartan Potassium96$1,271
Risperidone18$1,083
Carvedilol65$1,043

Prescribing Profile

49

Unique Drugs

$26K

IRA Negotiated Drugs

30.0

Anomaly Score

Patient Profile

77

Avg Age

53%

Female

2.72

Avg Risk Score

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Data from CMS Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File, 2023. Risk scores are statistical indicators, not allegations.Methodology · About