⚠️

Risk scores are statistical indicators based on prescribing patterns compared to specialty peers. They are NOT allegations of fraud, misconduct, or improper care. Many legitimate medical reasons can explain outlier prescribing.

Read our methodology →

Thomas KowalM.D.

General Practice · Lebanon, TN 37087

NPI: 1043205008

Share:

24

🟡 Moderate

🤖 ML Fraud Detection Score: 97%

Machine learning model identifies prescribing patterns consistent with confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical indicator, not an accusation.

Learn more →

Risk Flags

High antipsychotic prescribing (65+)Opioid + benzodiazepine co-prescriberHigh fills per patient

Risk indicators are statistical patterns, not allegations. Learn more

8,567

Total Claims

$840K

Drug Cost

406

Beneficiaries

$2,069

Cost/Patient

Risk Score Breakdown 24/100

Low (0)Moderate (15)Elevated (30)High (50+)
Elderly antipsychotic prescribing+10
Opioid + benzodiazepine combo+8
High fills per patient+3

Score components are additive. Read full methodology

Peer Comparison vs. 7,389 General Practice providers

-9%

Opioid rate vs peers

2.2% vs 2.5% avg

+83%

Cost per patient vs peers

$2,069 vs $1,128 avg

+32%

Brand preference vs peers

11.1% vs 8.4% avg

⚠️ Opioid + Benzodiazepine Co-Prescriber

This provider prescribes both opioids and benzodiazepines. The FDA has issued a Black Box Warning about the life-threatening risks of concurrent use.

🔎 Data Overview

🤖

Our machine learning model — trained on 281 confirmed fraud cases — gives this provider a "Very High" fraud-pattern score. All 20 decision trees in our ensemble model agree that this provider's prescribing patterns resemble those of confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical finding, not an accusation.

⚠️

This provider co-prescribes opioids and benzodiazepines — a combination carrying an FDA Black Box Warning due to increased risk of respiratory depression and death. While sometimes clinically necessary, this combination requires careful justification.

Insights generated from CMS data analysis. Statistical patterns are not accusations — always consider clinical context.

Opioid Prescribing

2.2%

Opioid Rate

192

Opioid Claims

$1,423

Opioid Cost

Long-Acting Rate

Brand vs Generic

89% generic

Brand: 940 claims · $696K

Generic: 7,545 claims · $137K

Top Prescribed Drugs

Drug (Generic)ClaimsCost
Dulaglutide80$117K
Empagliflozin58$60K
Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog30$46K
Apixaban47$45K
Sitagliptin Phosphate47$37K
Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog48$36K
Semaglutide27$36K
Dapagliflozin Propanediol19$27K
Budesonide/Formoterol Fumarate34$27K
Evolocumab35$23K
Fluticasone/Umeclidin/Vilanter24$21K
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide16$20K
Cariprazine Hcl13$20K
Rivaroxaban13$18K
Insulin Lispro13$15K

Prescribing Profile

122

Unique Drugs

$187K

IRA Negotiated Drugs

$153K

GLP-1 Drugs

24.0

Anomaly Score

Patient Profile

71

Avg Age

55%

Female

1.35

Avg Risk Score

Explore More

Data from CMS Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File, 2023. Risk scores are statistical indicators, not allegations.Methodology · About